Figurative Language

Grade 6 Reading | FL B.E.S.T. Standard: ELA.6.R.3.1

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What is Figurative Language?

Figurative language uses words in creative, non-literal ways to paint pictures in readers' minds, create emotions, and make writing more powerful. Instead of saying exactly what we mean, we use comparisons, exaggerations, and other techniques to make our message more vivid and memorable!

Literal vs. Figurative Meaning

LITERAL

Exact, dictionary meaning

"It's raining heavily."

FIGURATIVE

Creative, imaginative meaning

"It's raining cats and dogs!"

Key Question: Does the author mean exactly what the words say? If not, it's figurative!

The Four Types of Figurative Language

SIMILE

A comparison using "like" or "as"

"Her eyes sparkled like diamonds."

Signal words: like, as

METAPHOR

A direct comparison (no like/as)

"Life is a journey."

Says something IS something else

PERSONIFICATION

Giving human traits to non-human things

"The sun smiled down on us."

Look for: human actions/feelings

HYPERBOLE

Extreme exaggeration

"I've waited forever for this!"

Impossible or obviously untrue

Why Do Authors Use Figurative Language?

Creates vivid IMAGERY
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Sets the MOOD
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Adds EMOTION
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Deeper MEANING

Let's Analyze: "The Storm"

The angry clouds gathered overhead, ready to unleash their fury. Thunder rumbled across the sky like a thousand drums. The wind screamed through the trees, and the rain fell so hard it felt like a million tiny needles hitting my skin. I was drowning in a sea of water just trying to reach my front door. By the time I got inside, I was soaked to the bone - I could have filled an Olympic swimming pool with the water dripping from my clothes.

Figurative Language Type What It Really Means Effect on Reader
"angry clouds" Personification Dark, threatening storm clouds Makes the storm feel dangerous, almost alive
"like a thousand drums" Simile Very loud, booming thunder Helps reader hear the powerful sound
"wind screamed" Personification Wind made loud, high-pitched sounds Creates scary, intense atmosphere
"drowning in a sea of water" Metaphor There was so much rain everywhere Emphasizes being overwhelmed by the storm
"could have filled an Olympic pool" Hyperbole I was very, very wet Adds humor; shows extreme wetness

SAFE Analysis Method

Spot it - Find the figurative language
Analyze it - What type is it? What's being compared/exaggerated?
Figure out the meaning - What is the author really saying?
Effect - How does this add to the text's meaning, mood, or imagery?

Your Turn! Identify and Analyze

1. "The cafeteria was a zoo at lunchtime."

Type:

What it really means:

Effect:

2. "My phone is slower than a snail crawling through peanut butter."

Type:

What it really means:

Effect:

3. "The old floorboards groaned under my feet, complaining about the disturbance."

Type:

What it really means:

Effect:

4. "I have a mountain of homework tonight - it will take a billion years to finish!"

This sentence contains TWO examples of hyperbole. Identify both:

Hyperbole 1:

Hyperbole 2:

Why did the author use exaggeration?

Quick Reference Chart

If you see... It's probably a...
"like" or "as" comparing two things Simile
Something "is" something else (direct comparison) Metaphor
Non-human things acting like humans Personification
Extreme exaggeration that's clearly not true Hyperbole